Pirolyysiöljy

Pirolyysiöljy, also known as bio-oil or pyrolysis liquid, is a dark brown, viscous liquid produced from the rapid thermal decomposition of biomass in the absence of oxygen. This process, called pyrolysis, breaks down complex organic materials into simpler compounds, including a liquid fraction. The composition of pirolyysiöljy is highly variable and depends on the type of biomass feedstock used (e.g., wood, agricultural residues, waste materials) and the pyrolysis conditions, such as temperature, heating rate, and residence time.

Typically, pirolyysiöljy consists of a water-soluble phase and an insoluble organic phase. The organic phase contains a complex mixture of oxygenated organic compounds, including acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, and esters. Its high oxygen content contributes to its instability, acidity, and corrosiveness. Due to its properties, direct combustion of raw pirolyysiöljy in conventional engines or boilers is often problematic, requiring significant pre-treatment or modification.

Research and development efforts are focused on upgrading pirolyysiöljy to improve its quality for various applications. Upgrading processes can include hydrotreating, esterification, or fractionation to remove oxygenates, reduce viscosity, and enhance stability. Once upgraded, pirolyysiöljy can potentially be used as a biofuel for transportation or as a feedstock for producing chemicals and materials. It represents a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, contributing to a circular economy by utilizing waste biomass.