Piimatööstus

Piimatööstus refers to the dairy industry, encompassing the processes involved in collecting, processing, and distributing milk and milk-based products. This sector plays a significant role in the agricultural economy of many countries, providing a source of nutrition and employment.

The core of the piimatööstus begins with milk production, primarily from cows, but also from goats, sheep, and buffaloes in various regions. Farmers collect the raw milk, which is then transported to processing plants. Here, milk undergoes several stages of treatment. Pasteurization is a crucial step, involving heating the milk to kill harmful bacteria and extend its shelf life. Homogenization is another common process that breaks down fat globules to prevent them from separating and rising to the surface.

Following these treatments, milk is further processed into a wide array of products. These include liquid milk in various fat content forms, cream, butter, cheese, yogurt, and ice cream. Each product requires specific processing techniques and fermentation or aging periods. The industry also produces milk powders and whey, which are used in other food products.

The piimatööstus is characterized by sophisticated technology and stringent quality control measures to ensure the safety and quality of its products. Packaging is vital for preservation and consumer appeal. Distribution networks ensure that these perishable goods reach consumers efficiently. The economic impact of the dairy industry is substantial, contributing to rural development and international trade through the export of dairy products.