Piezometre

A piezometer is a type of piezometric well or standpipe used to measure the hydraulic head of groundwater. It is a simple instrument consisting of a small-diameter pipe that is installed in the ground. The pipe is open at the bottom, allowing groundwater to enter and rise to the same level as the surrounding groundwater table. The height of the water column in the piezometer, measured from a reference datum, indicates the piezometric head.

Piezometers are crucial in hydrogeology for monitoring groundwater levels, understanding groundwater flow, and assessing the impact of human activities such as pumping or construction on groundwater resources. They are often installed in arrays to map the groundwater surface and determine flow direction. The data collected from piezometers is vital for groundwater management, aquifer testing, and environmental impact assessments.

Different types of piezometers exist, including open standpipes, vibrating wire piezometers, and pneumatic piezometers, each with varying levels of sophistication and accuracy. Open standpipes are the simplest, while vibrating wire and pneumatic types allow for remote sensing and continuous monitoring. The installation of piezometers requires careful consideration of geological conditions and groundwater characteristics to ensure accurate measurements.