PidgeonVerfahren

The Pidgeon-Verfahren, also known as the Pidgeon process, is a metallurgical method for producing magnesium from magnesium oxide (MgO) through a carbothermic reduction. Developed in the early 20th century, it remains one of the primary industrial processes for magnesium extraction, particularly in countries with abundant dolomite or magnesite resources.

The process begins with the calcination of magnesium carbonate ores, such as magnesite or dolomite, to produce magnesium oxide. This oxide is then mixed with ferrosilicon (an alloy of iron and silicon) and heated in an electric arc furnace at temperatures exceeding 1,200 degrees Celsius. The ferrosilicon acts as a reducing agent, extracting magnesium from the oxide in gaseous form. The magnesium vapor is subsequently condensed into liquid form and collected, while the remaining slag, primarily composed of iron and silicon oxides, is discarded.

The Pidgeon-Verfahren is favored for its efficiency in producing high-purity magnesium, though it is energy-intensive and requires significant electrical power. It is commonly used in China, where it accounts for a substantial portion of global magnesium production. The process is particularly well-suited for large-scale operations due to its scalability and the availability of raw materials.

While modern alternatives, such as the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride, have gained prominence, the Pidgeon-Verfahren continues to be a critical method, especially in regions with access to cheap electricity and magnesium-rich ores. Its simplicity and effectiveness make it a cornerstone of industrial magnesium production.