Pescetarian

Pescetarian is a term used to describe a dietary pattern in which a person excludes meat from land-dwelling animals but includes fish and other seafood. Most people who identify as pescetarian also eat dairy products and eggs, making it a lacto-ovo pattern, though some define pescetarianism by the absence of land animal flesh regardless of eggs and dairy. It is distinct from vegetarian and omnivorous eating patterns.

Nutrition and health: Fish provides high-quality protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which are associated with heart and brain health. Dairy and eggs contribute calcium, vitamin B12, and other nutrients. Potential concerns include mercury or other contaminants in certain fish, and the need to ensure adequate intake of iron, zinc, iodine, and B vitamins when not relying on meat. B12 is typically sufficient in diets that include dairy and eggs.

Environmental and cultural considerations: A pescetarian diet can reduce the environmental footprint of animal protein compared with many land-based meats, though overfishing and habitat damage remain concerns. Sustainable seafood choices and varied plant foods are commonly recommended. People may adopt pescetarianism for health reasons, ethical considerations regarding animals, or religious or cultural preferences.

Variations and terminology: The label is sometimes used interchangeably with flexitarian or semi-vegetarian in casual usage, but distinctions exist in formal nutrition discussions. Some pescetarians avoid shellfish or certain seafood; others include all seafood and mollusks. As with any diet, careful planning helps meet nutrient needs and align with individual health goals.