Perusreaktio

Perusreaktio is a term used in Finnish chemistry to denote a reaction in which a base participates. In broad terms, it covers reactions driven by base strength and proton transfer as described by Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis acid-base theories. In aqueous solutions, many perusreaktiot are neutralization reactions, where a base reacts with an acid to form a salt and water, for example NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O.

In organic chemistry, bases abstract protons to give reactive intermediates such as enolates or carbanions, enabling transformations like alkylation or acylation. Bases can also act as nucleophiles in substitution reactions, or promote eliminations (E2). The outcome depends on base strength, solvent, temperature, and concentration.

Common bases include alkali metal hydroxides, ammonia and amines, alkoxides, and carbonate systems. In analytical chemistry, acid-base titrations use strong bases to determine acid concentrations, and vice versa. Overall, perusreaktio is a descriptive category rather than a single reaction, covering a range of mechanisms from simple proton transfer to complex catalytic processes. See also: acid-base reaction, neutralization, Brønsted-Lowry theory, Lewis base.