PersonCentered

Person-centered refers to a philosophy and set of practices that prioritize the individual’s experiences, preferences, and values in planning and delivering services. The term is used across fields such as psychology, psychotherapy, counseling, nursing, social work, education, and healthcare, with an emphasis on viewing the person beyond diagnoses or problems.

Originating with Carl Rogers in the mid-20th century, the person-centered approach, also called client-centered or person-centered therapy, asserts that people have an inherent capacity for growth when provided with a supportive environment. The core conditions identified by Rogers are unconditional positive regard, empathetic understanding, and congruence (genuineness) on the part of the practitioner. The approach is generally non-directive and collaborative, allowing clients to lead the process.

Key principles include respect for autonomy and dignity, a holistic view of the person, a strong therapeutic or helping relationship, collaborative goal-setting, sensitivity to cultural and social contexts, and attention to current experiences and self-acceptance. The aim is to empower individuals to explore their feelings, identify goals, and develop self-directed solutions.

Applications are broad. In psychotherapy, it underpins person-centered therapy. In healthcare, person-centered care emphasizes shared decision-making, individualized care plans, honoring patient preferences, and involving family or advocates as appropriate. In education and social services, it supports personalized approaches and empowerment.

Outcomes are linked with improved engagement, satisfaction, and adherence in some settings, though critiques note potential vagueness, variability in implementation, and challenges integrating the approach within resource-constrained or highly structured environments.