Persiska

Persiska refers to the Persian language, a member of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It is primarily spoken in Iran, where it is the official language. Significant Persian-speaking communities also exist in Afghanistan (where it is known as Dari) and Tajikistan (where it is known as Tajik). Smaller communities are found in Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and other neighboring countries, as well as in diaspora communities worldwide.

The history of the Persian language is extensive, with its earliest form, Old Persian, being attested in the Achaemenid Empire from the 6th century BCE. Middle Persian, also known as Pahlavi, developed from Old Persian and was the language of the Sasanian Empire. Modern Persian, which began to emerge around the 9th century CE, is the direct descendant of Middle Persian and is the language spoken today.

Persian has a rich literary tradition, renowned for poets like Rumi, Hafez, Saadi, and Ferdowsi. Its script is a modified Arabic alphabet, known as Perso-Arabic script, which was adopted after the Islamic conquest of Persia. The language has had a considerable influence on other languages in the region, including Urdu and Turkish. Modern Persian is characterized by its relatively simple grammar, lacking grammatical gender and having a straightforward verb conjugation system.