Perpatih

Perpatih, also known as Adat Perpatih, is a traditional legal and social system originating from the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra, Indonesia, and also found among the Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia. It is a matrilineal system where lineage, inheritance, and social status are traced through the mother's line. This system contrasts with most patriarchal societies where descent is traced through the father.

Under Adat Perpatih, property, land, and titles are passed down from mother to daughter. This also influences marriage customs, where the husband typically moves to live with his wife's family. The system emphasizes communal living and decision-making, with important matters often discussed and resolved through consensus within the extended family or clan (kaum).

The leadership structure within Adat Perpatih is also distinct. Village leaders, known as penghulu, are selected from among respected male elders who are considered the representatives of their respective matriarchal clans. These penghulu are responsible for upholding adat, resolving disputes, and representing their communities.

While deeply rooted in tradition, Adat Perpatih has adapted over time, particularly with the influence of Islam and modern legal systems. However, its core principles of matrilineal descent and communal values continue to shape the social fabric of the communities where it is practiced. The system is often cited as an example of a well-established and enduring matrilineal society.