Peroksüdaasi

Peroksüdaasi is a general term for a class of enzymes that catalyze the reduction of peroxides. These enzymes are crucial in various biological processes, including the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and the biosynthesis of important molecules. Peroksüdases are found in a wide range of organisms, from bacteria and fungi to plants and animals.

The general reaction catalyzed by a peroksüdaas involves the oxidation of a substrate by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or an organic peroxide. In this process, the peroxide is reduced to water or an alcohol, and the substrate is oxidized. The specific substrate and the resulting oxidized product vary greatly depending on the particular peroksüdaas enzyme.

One common example is glutathione peroksüdaas, which plays a vital role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by reducing lipid hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide. Another important class is heme peroksüdases, which contain a heme prosthetic group. These include enzymes like myeloperoksüdaas, found in neutrophils, which uses hydrogen peroxide to produce hypochlorous acid, a potent antimicrobial agent.

Plant peroksüdases are involved in a multitude of functions, such as cell wall metabolism, defense against pathogens, and adaptation to environmental stress. Their catalytic activity contributes to processes like lignin biosynthesis and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. The diversity in peroksüdaasi structure and function reflects their widespread importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and mediating various physiological and biochemical pathways.