Permanentními

Permanentními is the instrumental plural form of the Czech adjective permanentní, meaning permanent, lasting, or enduring. It is used to modify plural nouns in the instrumental case, indicating the means, manner, or accompanying circumstance in which something persists or remains.

Grammar and usage: In Czech, adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. For plural nouns in the instrumental case, adjectives of the common pattern ending in -ní typically form the instrumental plural with the ending -ními. Therefore, permanentní becomes permanentními when describing plural nouns in this case. Examples include permanentními změnami (with permanent changes) or permanentními magnety (with permanent magnets). The form is neutral in tone and common in technical, scientific, and formal prose as well as everyday language when a lasting or enduring quality is being described.

Etymology and sense: The word permanentní is a Czech loanword tracing to Latin permanens and to French or English roots meaning lasting without change. In Czech, it is used across contexts to distinguish something that is not temporary, as opposed to dočasný (temporary) or průběžný (ongoing). The instrumental plural form permanentními enables articulation of these qualities in phrases involving multiple items or concepts.

Examples: S permanentními změnami v plánech projektu se musí počítat. Zkoušky proběhly za podpory permanentními magnety v motoru. In bridging texts, permanentními serves to emphasize the enduring character of the described nouns.

See also: permanentní magnet, dočasný, trvalý.