Permafagy

Permafagy is a misspelling of permafrost. Permafrost refers to ground that remains frozen for two or more consecutive years. This frozen ground can include soil, rock, and sediment, and it may or may not contain ice. Permafrost is found in high-latitude regions, such as the Arctic, and in high-altitude regions, such as mountain ranges. It covers approximately 24% of the land surface in the Northern Hemisphere.

The depth of permafrost can vary significantly, from less than a meter to over a kilometer. Above the permafrost layer is a seasonal active layer, which thaws during the summer and refreezes in the winter. The formation of permafrost is dependent on prolonged periods of low temperatures.

Permafrost plays a crucial role in the Arctic ecosystem, influencing hydrology, vegetation, and wildlife. It acts as a barrier to groundwater flow and can affect drainage patterns. Thawing permafrost can lead to significant environmental changes, including land subsidence, coastal erosion, and the release of greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide that have been trapped in the frozen ground. These releases are a concern in the context of climate change, as they can create a positive feedback loop that further accelerates warming. The study of permafrost and its changes is a significant area of research in glaciology and climate science.