Perintätoimet

Perintätoimet are the steps taken to obtain payment of a debt that has not been paid by the due date. In Finland, they involve both private debt collection actors and, if necessary, public enforcement authorities. The process typically begins with reminders sent by the creditor or a collection agency, outlining the amount owed and a new payment deadline. If the debt remains unpaid, the creditor may issue further demand letters and may transfer the claim to a debt collection company.

If the debt still goes unpaid, the matter can be referred to the state enforcement system. An enforcement order may be issued, after which enforcement measures can be taken. Common instruments include wage garnishment (palkkojen ulosotto), seizure of bank accounts, or disposal of other assets. Enforcement is governed by laws intended to balance the creditor’s right to payment with the debtor’s rights to fair treatment and to avoid excessive hardship. Debtors typically have opportunities to present information, dispute the claim, or request a payment plan during the process.

Debtors’ rights and obligations include receiving clear information about the claim and its basis, responding within deadlines, and complying with lawful enforcement decisions. They may challenge decisions, seek clarification, or apply for debt relief measures if available. Creditors must verify claims and follow statutory procedures; actions outside these rules can be challenged in court or via consumer protection channels.

Perintätoimet thus cover a spectrum from ordinary business-to-consumer reminders to formal enforcement actions, with formal procedures designed to ensure due process and proportionality in the pursuit of owed payments.