Peptidlán

Peptidlán is a term used in molecular biology and biochemistry to describe a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. These chains are the fundamental building blocks of proteins. When two amino acids join, they form a dipeptide, three form a tripeptide, and so on. Longer chains are typically referred to as polypeptides. The sequence of amino acids in a peptidlán is determined by the genetic code and dictates the ultimate three-dimensional structure and function of the resulting protein.

The formation of a peptide bond occurs through a dehydration reaction, where a water molecule is released as the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another. Each amino acid has a unique side chain (R-group) that confers specific chemical properties to the peptidlán, influencing its interactions with other molecules and its overall behavior. The directionality of a peptidlán is important, with a distinct N-terminus (amino end) and C-terminus (carboxyl end). The precise order and type of amino acids in a peptidlán are crucial for its biological role, whether it acts as an enzyme, structural component, signaling molecule, or transporter. Understanding peptidlán structure and formation is central to comprehending protein synthesis and function.