Patógeno

Patógeno is a term used in biology and medicine to refer to any biological agent that causes disease or illness in its host. These agents can be microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and prions, or larger organisms like parasites. The specific nature of the pathogen and the host's immune system determine the severity and type of illness that results.

Pathogens are often classified by the type of organism they are. Bacterial pathogens, like Streptococcus pneumoniae, can cause a wide range of infections. Viral pathogens, such as influenza viruses, are responsible for common illnesses and more severe epidemics. Fungal pathogens, like Candida albicans, can cause superficial infections or systemic diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Prions, misfolded proteins, are associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Parasitic pathogens, ranging from single-celled protozoa to multicellular worms, infect hosts and derive nourishment at the host's expense.

The spread of pathogens, known as transmission, can occur through various routes, including direct contact, airborne droplets, contaminated food or water, or vectors like insects. Understanding how pathogens are transmitted is crucial for developing prevention strategies, such as vaccination, hygiene practices, and public health measures. The study of pathogens and the diseases they cause is the domain of pathology and microbiology.