Partisiippin

Partisiippin is the Finnish term for the participle, a non-finite verb form derived from a verb that can modify nouns or participate in verb phrases. In Finnish grammar, participles are used to express attributes of nouns, indicate time or aspect related to an action, and build complex verb forms without using a finite verb.

There are several commonly described participle types: present active, past active, present passive, and past passive participles. Each type is formed from a verb stem by applying specific suffix patterns and can carry elements of tense, voice, or aspect while remaining non-finite. They can occur in attributive position before a noun (where they function like adjectives) or predicatively in sentences with a linking verb.

When used as adjectives, participles agree with the noun in number and case, so they can be declined like other adjectives. Participial clauses, formed from participles, allow Finnish to condense relative clauses or provide circumstantial information about the subject or object, contributing to more concise or nuanced syntax.

Examples help illustrate usage: tuleva mies meaning “the man who is coming” (present active participle). Luettu kirja meaning “a book that has been read” (past passive participle). Puhuttu sana meaning “the spoken word” (past passive participle). These examples show how Partisiippin forms attach to nouns or function within clauses to convey time, aspect, and voice without finite verbs.

Overall, Partisiippin is a versatile part of Finnish morphology and syntax, used for descriptive, comparative, and stylistic purposes in the language.