Partikkelitarastus

Partikkelitarastus, often translated as particle acceleration, refers to the process by which charged subatomic particles are increased in speed and energy. This acceleration is achieved by using electromagnetic fields. Devices designed for this purpose are known as particle accelerators.

The fundamental principle behind particle acceleration involves applying electric fields to impart kinetic energy to charged particles. Magnetic fields are then used to steer and focus these particles, often into tightly controlled beams. These beams can be directed to collide with targets or with other particle beams.

Particle accelerators have a wide range of applications. In scientific research, they are crucial tools for fundamental physics, enabling the study of subatomic particles and their interactions, and leading to discoveries like the Higgs boson. They are also vital in medical applications, particularly in radiation therapy for cancer treatment and in the production of medical isotopes for diagnostics.

In industry, accelerators are used for materials modification, such as ion implantation for semiconductors, and for sterilization of medical equipment and food. The energy of the accelerated particles can be very high, depending on the specific design and purpose of the accelerator. Different types of accelerators exist, including linear accelerators (linacs) and circular accelerators like cyclotrons and synchrotrons, each suited for different energy ranges and applications.