Parowniki

Parowniki are devices or components designed to convert liquid into vapor by supplying heat or reducing pressure. They form the evaporating element in a range of thermal processes as well as in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The term is used in Polish to refer to equipment where vaporization is the primary function, including industrial evaporators and evaporator sections of refrigeration systems.

In industrial contexts, parowniki are used to concentrate solutions, recover solvents, or separate components by vaporizing a feed. Common categories include evaporators that use steam, hot water or hot oil as the heating medium, and configurations such as tubular, plate, or falling-film designs. Their operation is typically driven by heat transfer from the heating medium to the liquid, followed by vapor removal and upstream or downstream processing.

In refrigeration and air conditioning, the parownik, or evaporator, is the low-pressure section where the refrigerant absorbs heat and boils into vapor. This stage enables cooling of air or space and is paired with a condenser in a closed refrigeration cycle.

In the food industry, evaporators are used to concentrate liquids like juices or milk by boiling off water, often under controlled pressure to achieve desired product characteristics while preserving quality.

Key considerations for parowniki include heat transfer efficiency, pressure and temperature control, material compatibility with process fluids, scaling and fouling tendencies, and safety measures to handle high-temperature steam and pressurized vapors.

As a general term, parowniki cover a range of evaporating equipment across chemical processing, HVAC, refrigeration, and food production.