Parotidea

Parotidea refers to the parotid glands, which are the largest of the salivary glands in humans and many other mammals. These glands are located on either side of the face, just in front of and below the ears. Their primary function is to produce saliva, which is crucial for initial digestion, lubrication of food, and maintaining oral hygiene.

The parotid glands are exocrine glands, meaning they secrete their product through a duct. The parotid duct, also known as Stensen's duct, carries the saliva from the gland into the mouth, typically opening near the upper second molar tooth. The secretion from the parotid glands is primarily serous, meaning it is a watery fluid rich in enzymes like amylase, which begins the process of carbohydrate digestion.

Several conditions can affect the parotid glands. Inflammation of the parotid glands is known as parotitis, with mumps being a common viral cause, particularly in unvaccinated individuals. Bacterial infections can also lead to parotitis, sometimes resulting in the formation of an abscess. Other conditions include salivary stones (sialolithiasis) that can block the parotid duct, and tumors, which can be benign or malignant. Swelling of the parotid glands can be an indicator of these underlying issues.