Parmupill

Parmupill is a traditional Estonian musical instrument, a type of idiophone that belongs to the jaw harp family. It is also known by various other names in Estonian folk music traditions, reflecting regional variations and dialects. The instrument is typically made from metal, often iron or steel, though historically wood or bone were also used. Its construction is simple, consisting of a frame that holds a thin, flexible metal reed, known as the tongue.

The parmupill is played by holding the frame against the player's teeth or mouth, with the reed vibrating freely. The player's mouth cavity then acts as a resonator, and by changing the shape of the mouth, the tongue, and the airflow, the player can alter the overtones produced by the vibrating reed. This allows for the creation of a variety of melodic and harmonic sounds, often used to accompany singing or dancing in folk music ensembles. The sounds produced can range from buzzing, drone-like tones to more distinct melodic passages. Its portability and unique sound have made it a characteristic instrument in Estonian folk music for centuries, often associated with rural celebrations and social gatherings.