Pariteettibitein

Pariteettibitein, or parity bits, are a simple form of error detection. A parity bit is an extra bit added to a binary string to make the total number of one-bits either even or odd. This is known as even parity or odd parity, respectively. When data is transmitted, the sender calculates the parity bit based on the data bits. The receiver then recalculates the parity bit from the received data bits and compares it to the received parity bit. If they do not match, an error has been detected.

There are two main types of parity: even parity and odd parity. In even parity, the parity bit is set to 0 if the number of one-bits in the data is already even, and set to 1 if the number of one-bits is odd. This ensures the total number of one-bits, including the parity bit, is always even. In odd parity, the parity bit is set to 1 if the number of one-bits is even, and set to 0 if the number of one-bits is odd. This guarantees the total number of one-bits is always odd.

While parity bits are effective at detecting single-bit errors, they cannot detect errors where an even number of bits are flipped. For instance, if two bits in a data string are flipped, the parity will remain correct, and the error will go undetected. More sophisticated error detection and correction codes, such as Hamming codes or Reed-Solomon codes, are used for situations requiring higher reliability. Parity bits are commonly used in serial communication protocols and memory systems due to their simplicity and low overhead.