Pankkivalvonta

Pankkivalvonta, literally "bank supervision", refers to the supervision and regulation of banks and other credit institutions in Finland to preserve financial stability, protect consumers, and ensure sound market conduct.

In Finland, the main competent authority is Finanssivalvonta (Finnish Financial Supervisory Authority, FIN-FSA). It licenses and supervises banks, credit institutions, payment services providers, and certain investment firms, and it enforces compliance with national legislation and EU rules such as the CRD IV, PSD2 and MiFID II.

The Bank of Finland participates in financial stability work and macroprudential oversight, and, within the European System of Financial Supervision, Finland aligns with the ECB's Single Supervisory Mechanism for significant banks, while FIN-FSA supervises less significant institutions in cooperation with the Bank of Finland and under ECB oversight when appropriate.

Activities include on-site inspections, risk-based supervision, monitoring of capital adequacy and liquidity, governance and internal controls, supervision of AML/CFT, consumer protection, and enforcement actions if violations occur. Supervisory findings may lead to corrective measures, restrictions, or penalties, and in some cases resolution planning.

Pankkivalvonta operates as part of Finland's overall financial regulation framework, intending to maintain financial stability, protect depositors and investors, and support orderly market functioning.