Panggul

Panggul is the Indonesian term for the pelvis, the bony basin at the lower part of the trunk that forms the pelvic girdle. It includes the two hip bones (ossa coxae) together with the sacrum and coccyx.

Each hip bone is formed by three fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis. These bones join at the acetabulum, the socket for the femoral head. The pelvic girdle connects with the axial skeleton through the sacroiliac joints.

The pelvis is divided into the greater (false) pelvis and the lesser (true) pelvis; the pelvic inlet and outlet delineate boundaries important in obstetrics. The pubic symphysis and ligaments stabilize the front of the pelvis, while the sacroiliac joints and sacrum provide posterior support.

Functions include bearing and transferring weight from the spine to the lower limbs, supporting pelvic and abdominal organs (bladder, reproductive organs, rectum), and anchoring the pelvic floor muscles that control continence and support.

The pelvis shows sexual dimorphism: the female pelvis is typically wider with a larger pelvic inlet, adapted for childbirth. Clinically, panggul injuries (pelvic fractures) and disorders of the pelvic floor are important in medicine and surgery.