Pamplona

Pamplona, known as Iruñea in Basque, is the capital city of the autonomous community of Navarre in northern Spain. It lies on the Arga River at the foothills of the Pyrenees and has around 200,000 inhabitants. The city serves as an administrative, cultural, and economic center for the region.

Historically, Pamplona developed as the capital of the Kingdom of Navarre in the Middle Ages and retains substantial fortifications. The old town is encircled by preserved walls and the 16th-century Ciudadela fortress. Notable monuments include the Cathedral of Santa María la Real, the Church of San Saturnino, and the Plaza del Castillo, the city’s main square. The University of Navarra, established in 1952, is a major academic institution based in the city.

Pamplona is known for its cultural heritage and for hosting the annual San Fermín festival in July, which includes the famous running of the bulls along Estafeta Street to the bullring. The city is also a traditional stop on the Camino de Santiago’s French Way, attracting pilgrims and travelers. Other attractions include the Museo de Navarra and green spaces such as the Parque de la Ciudadela and the Taconera Park.

The economy centers on services, education, healthcare, and tourism. Pamplona is connected by road and rail and is served by Pamplona Airport, providing regional air connections.