PLA2G2A

PLA2G2A, also known as secreted phospholipase A2 group IIA, is a protein encoded by the PLA2G2A gene. It belongs to the phospholipase A2 superfamily, which are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in phospholipids. Specifically, PLA2G2A cleaves the sn-2 ester bond of glycerol phospholipids, releasing a fatty acid and a lysophospholipid.

This enzyme is secreted into extracellular fluids and plays a significant role in inflammatory processes. It is found in various tissues and bodily fluids, including synovial fluid, pancreatic juice, and serum. PLA2G2A is considered a key mediator of inflammation due to its ability to generate lipid mediators, such as arachidonic acid, which can be further metabolized into prostaglandins and leukotrienes. These molecules are potent signaling molecules involved in pain, fever, and swelling.

PLA2G2A has been implicated in a range of diseases, including arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and various infections. Its expression is often upregulated during inflammatory conditions. While its pro-inflammatory activities are well-documented, it also appears to have protective roles in certain contexts, such as in host defense against bacterial pathogens. Research into PLA2G2A continues to explore its complex functions in health and disease, with potential therapeutic targets being investigated.