P2Y11

P2Y11 is a subtype of the P2Y receptor family, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) responsive to nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). These receptors play significant roles in mediating various physiological processes, including immune response, platelet aggregation, and regulation of cellular signaling pathways.

The P2Y11 receptor is primarily expressed in human tissues such as immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as in the placenta and some vascular tissues. It is unique among P2Y receptors because its activation leads to both stimulatory Gq protein-mediated phospholipase C activation and stimulatory Gs protein-mediated adenylate cyclase activation, resulting in increased levels of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and cyclic AMP (cAMP).

P2Y11 is activated by extracellular nucleotides, with ATP serving as its potent agonist. Unlike other P2Y receptors, P2Y11 is not found in rodents, which has historically complicated functional studies. Its roles include modulation of immune cell functions, regulation of inflammatory responses, and influence on vascular tone.

Despite its recognized importance, specific pharmacological tools to selectively target P2Y11 are limited, which constrains detailed functional analysis. Continued research aims to develop selective agonists and antagonists to better understand its functions and therapeutic potential, especially in immune-related and vascular diseases.

Overall, P2Y11 is a significant receptor in the P2Y family, contributing to various physiological and pathological processes through nucleotide-mediated signaling pathways.