P120Catennins

P120catenin, also known as beta-catenin or junction plakoglobin, is a protein that plays a critical role in cell adhesion and signaling. It is a key component of adherens junctions, which are essential for maintaining the integrity of epithelial and endothelial tissues. P120catenin acts as a molecular bridge, linking cadherins, a family of transmembrane proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion, to the actin cytoskeleton. This linkage is crucial for the formation and stability of adherens junctions, thereby contributing to tissue cohesion and preventing uncontrolled cell movement.

Beyond its structural role, p120catenin is also involved in regulating cadherin stability and turnover at the cell surface. It can bind to the cytoplasmic tail of cadherins, influencing their endocytosis and degradation. This regulatory function allows cells to modulate the strength and dynamics of their adhesions in response to various signals. Furthermore, p120catenin has been implicated in various cellular processes beyond adhesion, including cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression, often through its interactions with other signaling molecules.

Dysregulation of p120catenin has been linked to various diseases, particularly cancer. In many cancers, p120catenin is either overexpressed or exhibits altered localization, contributing to decreased cell adhesion, increased cell motility, and enhanced invasiveness. These changes can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Research into p120catenin continues to uncover its multifaceted roles in normal physiology and disease, highlighting its importance as a therapeutic target.