Pääallergeenit

Pääallergeenit, or major allergens, are specific proteins found in foods that are responsible for triggering allergic reactions in a significant number of people. These are the allergens that are most commonly associated with food allergies and require careful labeling on food products to protect individuals with sensitivities.

In many regions, regulatory bodies have identified a list of primary allergens that must be declared. These typically include milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts (such as almonds, walnuts, and cashews), soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish. While these are the most prevalent, other foods can also cause allergic reactions, but they are not classified as major allergens due to their lower prevalence.

The allergenic nature of these proteins stems from their ability to be recognized by the immune system as foreign invaders. In susceptible individuals, the immune system overreacts, producing antibodies like immunoglobulin E (IgE). Upon subsequent exposure, these antibodies trigger the release of chemicals, such as histamine, leading to a range of symptoms. These symptoms can vary from mild, like itching or hives, to severe, potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis.

Understanding and identifying pääallergeenit is crucial for both consumers and the food industry. Consumers need this information to make safe food choices and avoid accidental exposure. The food industry must ensure accurate and clear labeling of these ingredients on their products to comply with regulations and safeguard public health. Cross-contamination during food preparation is also a significant concern, requiring strict handling procedures in kitchens and food processing facilities.