Ozona

Ozona is a chemical compound with the formula O3. It is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms arranged in a bent structure. Ozona is a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure and has a distinct, sharp odor often described as similar to chlorine. This odor is noticeable even at very low concentrations, which is why it is sometimes detected after thunderstorms or near electrical equipment.

Ozona is a highly reactive oxidant. It readily reacts with many organic and inorganic compounds. In the Earth's atmosphere, ozona plays a crucial role in both the stratosphere and the troposphere, although its effects differ. Stratospheric ozona forms the "ozona layer," which absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, protecting life on Earth. Tropospheric ozona, however, is considered a pollutant. It is formed from chemical reactions involving pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. Ground-level ozona can damage lung tissue, exacerbate respiratory problems, and harm vegetation.

Industrially, ozona is produced artificially using ozonators, which pass air or pure oxygen through a high-voltage electrical discharge. This process breaks apart oxygen molecules (O2), allowing individual oxygen atoms to combine with other O2 molecules to form O3. Ozona is used for various purposes, including water purification and sterilization, bleaching, air purification, and in some medical treatments. Its strong oxidizing power makes it effective at killing bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.