Oxidációredukció

Oxidációredukció, often shortened to redox reactions, are a fundamental type of chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between chemical species. These reactions are characterized by simultaneous oxidation and reduction processes. Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons by a substance, leading to an increase in its oxidation state. Conversely, reduction is the gain of electrons by a substance, resulting in a decrease in its oxidation state.

In any redox reaction, the species that loses electrons (is oxidized) is called the reducing agent, as it causes the reduction of another species. The species that gains electrons (is reduced) is called the oxidizing agent, as it causes the oxidation of another species. The total number of electrons lost by the oxidized species must equal the total number of electrons gained by the reduced species, ensuring charge conservation.

Common examples of redox reactions include combustion, where a fuel reacts with oxygen, and the rusting of iron. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are crucial biological redox processes. Identifying redox reactions often involves tracking changes in oxidation states of the elements involved. Understanding redox reactions is vital in fields ranging from electrochemistry and materials science to biochemistry and environmental chemistry.