Oxidação

Oxidação refers to a chemical process that involves the loss of electrons by a substance. This loss of electrons results in an increase in the oxidation state of the atom or molecule involved. While often associated with the reaction of a substance with oxygen, the definition is broader and encompasses any reaction where electrons are transferred. The counterpart to oxidation is reduction, where a substance gains electrons. These two processes, oxidation and reduction, always occur simultaneously in what are known as redox reactions.

In biological systems, oxidation plays a crucial role in metabolism. For example, the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration involves a series of oxidation steps that release energy. This energy is then captured and used by the organism. Similarly, oxidation is responsible for the aging process in living organisms and the spoilage of food.

In industrial chemistry, oxidation reactions are widely used. They are fundamental to processes like the production of sulfuric acid, the refining of metals, and the combustion of fuels for energy generation. The rusting of iron is a common example of oxidation in everyday life, where iron reacts with oxygen and water to form iron oxides. The control of oxidation is important in many applications, such as preventing corrosion and preserving materials.