Overinflation

Overinflation is the condition in which a system that contains air, gas, or other fluids is inflated beyond its normal, safe, or designed operating pressure. The term is most often used with tires and other inflatable devices, but it can also describe inflation that exceeds prudent levels in a broader context, including economic indicators such as price levels.

In physical contexts, overinflation stresses the material and structure of the object. In tires, it can reduce the tire’s contact patch with the road, leading to a harsher ride, poorer traction, and uneven wear, with center tread wear increasing and a greater risk of a blowout under impact. In other inflatable systems, overinflation can strain seams, valves, and membranes, potentially causing ruptures unless relief mechanisms or safety valves are present. Temperature changes can also raise pressure, so inflating devices must be used within manufacturer-specified ranges and monitored with a gauge.

Prevention and safety measures include following the recommended pressure specifications, checking pressure when tires are cold, using a calibrated gauge, and avoiding rapid or excessive inflation. For inflatable structures and devices, engineers may incorporate relief valves and pressure monitoring to prevent dangerous overpressure conditions.

In economics, overinflation describes price levels rising above the central bank’s or society’s target level. It can result from sustained demand pressures, supply shocks, or loose monetary policy and may erode purchasing power, distort investment, and contribute to asset bubbles. Policy responses typically involve tightening monetary or fiscal measures to return inflation toward target levels.