Ovários

Ovários are the primary reproductive organs in females of many animal species, including humans. These small, almond-shaped glands are located in the pelvic region. Their principal functions are the production of ova, or egg cells, and the synthesis of female sex hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.

The process of ovulation, the release of a mature egg cell from the ovary, typically occurs monthly in adult females during their reproductive years. This cycle is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The released egg then travels down the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized by sperm. If fertilization does not occur, the egg is expelled.

Estrogen plays a crucial role in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and the widening of the hips. Both estrogen and progesterone are vital for regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting pregnancy. During menopause, the production of these hormones significantly declines, leading to the cessation of ovulation and menstruation. Ovarian function is essential for fertility and overall female health.