Orthochromasia

Orthochromasia is a condition characterized by the presence of a yellow or orange discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes. It is often associated with certain types of anemia, particularly those caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid. The discoloration results from the accumulation of biliverdin, a breakdown product of hemoglobin, in the skin and tissues. Orthochromasia can also occur in other conditions, such as liver disease, where the liver's ability to process bilirubin is impaired.

The condition is typically non-specific and does not cause significant symptoms or complications. However, it can be a useful diagnostic indicator for certain types of anemia. Treatment of orthochromasia involves addressing the underlying cause, such as correcting a vitamin deficiency or treating the liver disease. In some cases, the discoloration may resolve on its own once the underlying condition is treated.

Orthochromasia should not be confused with jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. While both conditions can result in a yellowish discoloration, the underlying causes and mechanisms are different.