Orificeflöde

Orificeflöde refers to the flow of a fluid through an orifice, which is a precisely shaped opening. This phenomenon is governed by principles of fluid dynamics and is crucial in various engineering applications, including flow measurement, control systems, and the design of nozzles and valves. The rate at which a fluid flows through an orifice, known as the discharge rate, depends on several factors. These include the pressure difference across the orifice, the area of the orifice opening, the viscosity of the fluid, and the shape and smoothness of the orifice edge.

The theoretical flow rate through an orifice can be calculated using Bernoulli's principle, which relates the pressure, velocity, and height of a fluid. However, in reality, losses due to friction and turbulence at the orifice reduce the actual flow rate. This reduction is accounted for by a discharge coefficient, a dimensionless empirical factor that is typically less than one. The discharge coefficient varies depending on the orifice's geometry, such as whether it has sharp edges or is rounded, and the flow regime (laminar or turbulent).

Orifice meters are commonly used to measure the flow rate of liquids and gases in pipes. They work by creating a constriction in the flow path, causing a pressure drop that is measured by a differential pressure gauge. This pressure difference can then be used to calculate the flow rate using established formulas that incorporate the orifice's characteristics and the fluid's properties. Understanding orificeflöde is essential for accurate flow metering, efficient energy management, and the safe operation of fluid systems.