Oncohematológicas

Oncohematológicas are a group of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth of blood cells or blood-forming tissues, often leading to cancer. These conditions primarily affect the hematopoietic system, which includes blood cells and the organs that produce them, such as the bone marrow. The most common types of oncohematológicas include:

Leukemias: These are cancers of the white blood cells. They can be acute, where the disease progresses rapidly, or chronic, where it develops more slowly. Leukemias are further classified based on the type of white blood cell involved, such as lymphocytic or myeloid leukemia.

Lymphomas: These are cancers of the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. They can affect the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphatic tissues. Lymphomas can be Hodgkin lymphoma, named after the British doctor who first described it, and non-Hodkin lymphoma, which includes a variety of subtypes.

Myelomas: This is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. It primarily affects the bone marrow and can lead to the formation of tumors in the bones and other organs.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): These are a group of disorders in which the bone marrow produces abnormal blood cells. They can progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in some cases.

Polycythemias: These are conditions characterized by an increased number of red blood cells. They can be primary, where the cause is unknown, or secondary, where they are a result of another condition.

Oncohematológicas are typically diagnosed through blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, and imaging studies. Treatment options vary depending on the specific type and stage of the disease and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of life for patients with these conditions.