Olvadáspiste

Olvadáspiste refers to the melting point of a substance, which is the temperature at which it changes from a solid to a liquid state at standard atmospheric pressure. This is a fundamental physical property of matter and is characteristic of crystalline solids. For a given pure substance, the melting point is a precise temperature under constant pressure. For example, pure water freezes and melts at 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit).

The melting process is an endothermic phase transition, meaning it requires energy input in the form of heat to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the solid structure together. As heat is added to a solid, its temperature rises until it reaches its melting point. At this temperature, the added heat does not increase the temperature but instead causes the substance to melt. Once completely melted, further addition of heat will increase the temperature of the liquid.

Impurities in a substance generally lower its melting point and can cause it to melt over a range of temperatures rather than at a single point. This phenomenon is known as melting point depression and is often used in chemistry to assess the purity of a compound. If a synthesized compound melts at a significantly lower temperature or over a broad range compared to the known melting point of the pure substance, it suggests the presence of impurities. The melting point is a crucial parameter for identifying and characterizing solid materials.