Oksimen

Oksimen is a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbon-nitrogen double bond where the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxyl group. The general formula for oximes is R1R2C=NOH, where R1 and R2 can be hydrogen atoms or alkyl or aryl groups. They are typically formed by the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. This reaction involves nucleophilic addition of hydroxylamine to the carbonyl carbon, followed by dehydration to form the C=N double bond.

Oksimen can exist as geometric isomers, known as syn and anti isomers, due to the restricted rotation around the C=N double bond. The configuration of these isomers depends on the relative positions of the hydroxyl group and the larger substituent on the carbon atom. The physical and chemical properties of oximes can vary depending on their structure and isomeric form.

Many oximes are crystalline solids and are relatively stable compounds. They undergo various chemical reactions, including hydrolysis back to the parent carbonyl compound and hydroxylamine, reduction to amines, and rearrangement reactions like the Beckmann rearrangement. The Beckmann rearrangement is a particularly important reaction where oximes are converted into amides under acidic conditions. Oksimen find applications in organic synthesis, as intermediates in the production of various chemicals, and in analytical chemistry for the characterization of carbonyl compounds.