Ogranicza

Ogranicza is a Polish verb form meaning “limits” or “restricts.” It is the third-person singular present tense of the imperfective verb ograniczać, which denotes the act of placing boundaries, reducing scope, or curbing activity. The imperfective aspect indicates an ongoing, repeated, or habitual action, in contrast to the perfective ograniczyć, which expresses a completed restriction.

Morphology and related forms: ogranicza is used with a singular subject (he, she, it). Other present-tense forms include ograniczam, ograniczasz, ograniczamy, ograniczacie, ograniczają. The related noun forms include ograniczenie (restriction, limitation) and ograniczanie (the act of restricting). The adjective ograniczony means restricted or limited.

Usage: ograniczać is common in policy, law, economics, and everyday speech. It can describe restrictions imposed by institutions or constraints in various contexts. Examples: “Rząd ogranicza emisje gazów cieplarnianych” (The government limits greenhouse gas emissions); “Dostęp do danych jest ograniczany” (Access to data is restricted).

Etymology and semantics: the verb is derived from granica (border, boundary) with a prefix that conveys setting a limit or boundary. It is closely related to other Polish forms such as ograniczenie and ograniczanie, which describe the action or result of restricting.

In summary, ogranicza serves as the present-tense form for describing current restrictions imposed by subjects, with broader usage across technical and everyday language.