ograniczony

Ograniczony is a Polish adjective meaning restricted or limited. It describes something that has boundaries, constraints, or a finite degree. The form can function both attributively (before a noun) and predicatively (after a linking verb).

Etymology and sense: the word derives from the verb ograniczyć (to limit) or ograniczać (to restrict) and is related to the noun granica, meaning border or limit. The sense of the adjective is to indicate that a thing is made subject to a boundary or constraint set by rules, conditions, or capacity.

Grammar and usage: ograniczony declines like a standard Polish adjective and agrees with the noun in gender and number. The masculine singular form is ograniczony, the feminine singular is ograniczona, and the neuter singular is ograniczone. In plural, forms follow regular adjective inflection patterns according to gender and whether the noun is masculine personal or not. Common phrases include dostęp ograniczony (restricted access), czas ograniczony (limited time), and budżet ograniczony (limited budget). It is also used in phrases such as liczba ograniczona (limited number of …) or w ograniczonym zakresie (to a limited extent).

Related terms and nuances: nieograniczony means unlimited or unrestricted, serving as an antonym. The noun related to the concept is ograniczenie (restriction, limit). In specialized contexts, loanword limitowany is sometimes used to convey a technical sense of being restricted or capped, particularly in IT or finance.

In summary, ograniczony denotes a state of being restricted or bounded, widely applicable across everyday, legal, and technical language.