Octreotidi

Octreotidi is the Italian plural of octreotide, a synthetic analogue of the natural hormone somatostatin. It refers to octreotide-based medicines, including short-acting formulations used for symptom control and long-acting depot preparations designed for monthly or biweekly dosing. The term is commonly encountered in clinical Italian literature and pharmacology references.

Octreotide binds to somatostatin receptors (primarily subtypes sst2 and sst5) on neuroendocrine and other tissues. This activity suppresses the secretion of several hormones and peptides, notably growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, and serotonin, and reduces splanchnic blood flow and GI motility.

Clinical uses include management of acromegaly to lower growth hormone and IGF-1 levels; treatment of hormone-producing neuroendocrine tumors (such as carcinoid tumors and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors) to control symptoms like flushing and diarrhea; and prevention or control of bleeding from esophageal varices. It may also be used in VIPoma and diarrhea-predominant syndromes.

Administration formats include subcutaneous injections of short-acting octreotide and intramuscular long-acting octreotide acetate (LAR) given every 4 weeks. Brand names include Sandostatin for the short-acting form and Sandostatin LAR for the depot preparation. Dosing depends on indication and response.

Common adverse effects are gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea), gallstone formation or biliary sludge, changes in glucose tolerance, and bradycardia. Rare allergic reactions and malabsorption can occur. Patients are monitored for gallbladder disease and glucose control during therapy.