Oberflächentexturierung

Oberflächentextur, in English often referred to as surface texture or surface topography, describes the micro- and macro-scale features of a solid surface. It encompasses the overall three-dimensional shape of the surface, including roughness, waviness, lay and form deviations, as well as texture direction and the distribution of features. The term is used across engineering disciplines to relate surface appearance to functional performance.

Roughness refers to fine, short-range irregularities on the surface, while waviness describes broader, more systematic deviations. Lay denotes the predominant manufacturing direction that the texture exhibits, and form describes large-scale deviations from a flat plane. Quantitative descriptors such as Ra, Rz, and Rq (and their areal equivalents under modern standards) summarize these characteristics. Measurement is commonly performed with profilometers, optical interferometers, or other non-contact devices, and results depend on filtering, sampling length, and measurement setup.

Measurement and control of surface texture are crucial in applications involving seals, bearings, optics, and tribology because texture influences friction, wear, lubricant retention, sealing effectiveness, and optical scattering. Metrology aims for traceability and repeatability, with standardized procedures for data acquisition and interpretation.

Engineering practice uses machining and finishing processes to create or modify texture, including turning, milling, grinding, honing, shot peening, and laser texturing. Surface treatments and coatings may be designed to complement the base texture to achieve desired performance, durability, and functional properties.