Oberflächenfunktionalisierung

Oberflächenfunktionalität (surface functionality) describes the chemical, physical, and biological properties of a material surface that govern how it interacts with its environment. The term is used across materials science, chemistry, and engineering to guide the design of surfaces for particular tasks.

Key aspects include wettability, adhesion, friction, corrosion resistance, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility. Surface functionality affects processes such as bonding, coating performance, sensor response, and tissue integration.

Achieving desired functionality can be done by modifying the surface without altering the bulk material. Techniques include chemical functionalization, deposition of coatings or self-assembled monolayers, plasma treatment, grafting, and nano/microstructuring.

Characterization relies on surface-sensitive methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact-angle goniometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ellipsometry, and tribological tests.

Applications span anti-corrosion coatings, biocompatible implants, catalytic supports, microelectronics, and biomedical sensors, showing how surface functionality enables performance improvements without expensive bulk changes.