ONH2HNH2OH

ONH2HNH2OH, commonly known as hydroxylamine hydrate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH2OH·H2O. It is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid that dissolves readily in water and is widely used in various chemical synthesis processes. The compound is derived from hydroxylamine (NH2OH), which is formed by the reduction of nitrous acid or nitric oxide.

Hydroxylamine hydrate is primarily utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. It serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of oximes, which are important in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics and analgesics. Additionally, it plays a role in the production of herbicides and other agricultural chemicals. In organic synthesis, hydroxylamine hydrate acts as a nucleophile and reducing agent, facilitating reactions such as the formation of oximes from ketones and aldehydes.

The compound is also employed in analytical chemistry for the determination of carbonyl compounds through the formation of colored oxime derivatives. Its reactivity and solubility make it a versatile reagent in laboratory settings. However, hydroxylamine hydrate is considered hazardous due to its potential toxicity and corrosive properties. Proper handling, including the use of protective equipment and ventilation, is essential when working with this substance.

In industrial applications, hydroxylamine hydrate is typically produced through the catalytic hydrogenation of nitric oxide or by the reduction of nitrous acid. Quality control measures are critical to ensure purity and safety, as impurities or decomposition products may pose additional risks. Storage should be conducted in tightly sealed containers, away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers and acids.