Nötrofiler

Nötrofiler are a type of white blood cell, also known as leukocytes, that are crucial components of the innate immune system. They are the most abundant type of granulocyte and are the first responders to sites of bacterial or fungal infection. Nötrofiler are characterized by their multi-lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm, which contains various enzymes and antimicrobial proteins.

The primary function of nötrofiler is phagocytosis, a process where they engulf and destroy invading microorganisms. They achieve this by releasing reactive oxygen species and enzymes that degrade pathogens. Nötrofiler also release chemokines and cytokines, signaling molecules that attract other immune cells to the infection site and modulate the immune response. Their short lifespan, typically a few days, means they are continuously produced in the bone marrow.

An elevated count of nötrofiler in the blood, known as neutrophilia, often indicates an ongoing infection, inflammation, or stress response. Conversely, a reduced count, called neutropenia, can impair the body's ability to fight infections and is often associated with certain medical conditions or treatments, such as chemotherapy. The precise regulation of nötrofil production, circulation, and function is vital for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing disease.