Náklad

Náklad is a Czech and Slovak noun with multiple related senses. It can denote a load or burden, the goods being transported, or the costs associated with something. The exact meaning depends on context.

In logistics, náklad refers to the goods carried by a vehicle, ship, or train. It is the item or items being transported, as opposed to the carrier. Common phrases include nákladní doprava (freight transport) and nákladní vůz (freight vehicle).

In publishing, náklad means the number of copies printed, i.e., the print run. For example, náklad knihy byl 10 000 kusů describes how many copies were produced or available.

In economics and accounting, náklad means cost or expense. It is used to describe expenditures required to produce goods or provide services. Expressions include fixní náklad (fixed cost) and variabilní náklad (variable cost); náklady is the plural form for expenses in general.

Etymology: Náklad derives from a Proto-Slavic root meaning load or burden, and is cognate with related terms in several Slavic languages.

Usage notes: In Czech and Slovak, the term is masculine and used across the senses above, with context typically clarifying whether it refers to cargo, print run, or cost.