Nonyl

Nonyl refers to a nonyl group, which is an alkyl group with the chemical formula -C9H19. It is derived from the alkane nonane by the removal of one hydrogen atom. The nonyl group can exist in several isomeric forms depending on the branching of the carbon chain. The most common and often implied isomer when "nonyl" is used without further specification is the straight-chain isomer, n-nonyl, where the nine carbon atoms are linked in a linear fashion. Other isomers include branched forms like sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, and various other arrangements of the nine carbons.

Nonyl groups are typically found as substituents in larger organic molecules. They are often incorporated into surfactants, plasticizers, and other industrial chemicals. For example, nonylphenol ethoxylates are a class of nonionic surfactants widely used in detergents, emulsifiers, and wetting agents. The long, hydrophobic nonyl chain contributes to the surfactant's ability to interact with nonpolar substances, while the ethoxylate chain provides hydrophilicity. The properties of compounds containing a nonyl group are influenced by the specific isomer and the nature of the rest of the molecule. The term "nonyl" itself does not refer to a standalone molecule but rather to a functional part of a larger chemical structure.