Nonbumiputera

Nonbumiputera refers to individuals in Malaysia who are not classified as bumiputera. The term bumiputera, meaning "son of the soil" in Malay, traditionally encompasses Malays and indigenous groups of Sabah and Sarawak. Consequently, nonbumiputera primarily includes ethnic Chinese and ethnic Indians, who form significant minority populations in Malaysia.

The distinction between bumiputera and nonbumiputera has historical roots in British colonial policies and has shaped Malaysia's socio-economic and political landscape since independence. Affirmative action policies, often referred to as bumiputera policies, have been implemented to uplift the economic status of bumiputeras. These policies have historically provided preferential treatment in areas such as education, business, and public employment.

As a result, nonbumiputera communities have often faced challenges navigating these preferential policies. Despite these circumstances, ethnic Chinese and Indian communities have played a vital role in Malaysia's economic development, particularly in commerce and industry. The dynamics between bumiputera and nonbumiputera populations remain a significant aspect of Malaysian society, influencing national discourse on equity, identity, and progress. Discussions surrounding these policies often involve debates about meritocracy, fairness, and the equitable distribution of opportunities for all citizens, regardless of ethnic background.