NonJewish

Non-Jewish is an adjective used to describe people or things that are not Jewish. It is widely used in religious, sociological, and historical contexts to distinguish Jewish communities and individuals from those of other faiths, ethnicities, or cultures.

Etymology and terminology: The term is formed by the prefix non- plus Jewish; in English it is typically hyphenated as non-Jewish, though some writers render nonJewish. In Jewish texts and in common usage, the term Gentile has historically served a similar function, referring to someone who is not Jewish. The word Gentile originates from Latin gentilis.

Usage and scope: Non-Jewish can refer to religious affiliation (someone who does not practice Judaism), ethnic background, or cultural identification. In demographics and interfaith dialogue, it helps describe populations outside Jewish identity. Jewish status in many communities is defined by religion and lineage, with variations by legal or civil systems; civil definitions of Jewish identity differ by country.

Nuance and considerations: Some scholars and communities prefer non-Jewish to avoid potential pejorative or insular connotations associated with Gentile in certain contexts. Others use Gentile in religious or historical discussions, and non-Jewish in secular or contemporary settings.

See also: Judaism, Jewish identity, Gentile, Interfaith relations.