Nivelvälilevyt

Nivelvälilevyt, also known as intervertebral discs, are specialized structures found between the vertebrae of the spine. They act as shock absorbers and allow for flexibility and movement of the spine. Each disc consists of two main parts: the annulus fibrosus, a tough outer layer of fibrous cartilage, and the nucleus pulposus, a soft, gel-like inner core. The nucleus pulposus is primarily composed of water and collagen, which gives it its cushioning properties.

The primary function of nivelvälilevyt is to absorb the impact and stress placed on the spine during activities such as walking, running, and lifting. They also contribute to the overall height of the individual and allow for spinal rotation, flexion, and extension. The discs are avascular, meaning they do not have a direct blood supply. Instead, they receive nutrients and oxygen through a process called imbibition, where fluid is squeezed out and reabsorbed as pressure on the spine changes.

Degeneration of nivelvälilevyt is a common cause of back pain. This degeneration can occur due to aging, repetitive strain, or injury. As discs age, they lose water content, becoming thinner and less effective at shock absorption. This can lead to conditions such as herniated discs, where the nucleus pulposus protrudes through the annulus fibrosus, potentially pressing on nearby nerves and causing pain, numbness, or weakness. Treatment for disc-related problems ranges from conservative measures like physical therapy and pain medication to surgical interventions in severe cases. Maintaining good posture, regular exercise, and proper lifting techniques can help preserve the health of nivelvälilevyt.